A Beginner’s Guide To Birth Control Methods: Side Effects and Alternatives

At AskDoctor.ai, we have created this content to provide you with valuable knowledge about birth control methods. Our goal is to offer both information and inspiration—helping you understand the different types of birth control methods and their common side effects. You are not alone; through knowledge and community, we believe you can confidently navigate this journey. 

Birth control is a widely used and essential aspect of reproductive health. Whether you’re trying to avoid pregnancy or manage health conditions like heavy periods or hormonal acne, birth control can offer relief. However, it is essential to understand the potential side effects and explore alternative options that may be better suited to your individual needs. In this blog, we’ll dive into the various birth control methods, their side effects, and alternatives that may work for you.

What Is Birth Control?

Before diving into the side effects and alternatives, let’s start with a quick refresher on what birth control is. Birth control refers to methods or devices used to prevent pregnancy. It works by altering the natural processes of the body, either by preventing ovulation, blocking sperm from reaching an egg, or creating an environment where fertilization is impossible.

There are many different types of birth control methods available, including hormonal, barrier, and permanent solutions. Each comes with its own set of benefits and potential side effects. The most common hormonal methods include birth control pills, patches, implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and injections.

Common Birth Control Methods & Their Side Effects

1. Oral Contraceptives (The Pill)

The birth control pill is one of the most popular methods of contraception. It contains synthetic hormones (estrogen and progestin) that regulate the menstrual cycle and prevent ovulation.

Potential Side Effects:

• Nausea and vomiting: These can occur, especially during the first few weeks of starting the pill. Around 10-20% of women experience nausea when they begin using oral contraceptives. This side effect is typically mild and often improves after the first few weeks as the body adjusts to the hormones.
  
  
• Mood changes: Some users experience mood swings, anxiety, or depression.
  
• Weight gain: Although this is debated, some women report slight weight gain or bloating while on the pill.
  
• Blood clots: The risk of blood clots, especially in women who smoke or are over 35, is higher with the pill.
  
• Decreased libido: Some women report a reduction in sexual drive while using the pill.
  

If any of these side effects are experienced, it’s a good idea to talk to your healthcare provider to assess whether the pill is the right method for you.

2. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

An IUD is a small device inserted into the uterus that can prevent pregnancy for up to 5-10 years, depending on the type. There are two main types: hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs.

Potential Side Effects:

• Spotting or irregular periods: Some women may experience irregular bleeding, especially in the first few months.
  
• Cramping: Cramping can occur after the insertion of the IUD, but it usually subsides after a few weeks.
  
• Infection: There is a small risk of infection during or after the insertion of an IUD.
  
• Expulsion: The IUD can sometimes be expelled from the uterus, which may require reinsertion.
  

While the IUD is a highly effective form of birth control, its side effects may be bothersome for some individuals, and the insertion process can be painful for some women.

3. Contraceptive Implants

Implants are small rods that are placed under the skin of the upper arm. They release progestin, a synthetic hormone, to prevent ovulation and thicken cervical mucus, making it difficult for sperm to reach an egg.

Potential Side Effects:

• Irregular bleeding: Spotting, missed periods, or heavier bleeding can occur in the first few months.
  
• Mood changes: Like the pill, hormonal changes can affect mood.
  
• Headaches: Some users experience frequent headaches while using the implant. Studies have shown that 10-20% of women using hormonal contraceptives, including the implant, report experiencing headaches. Some women may experience more frequent or intense migraines, especially those with a history of migraine disorders.
  
• Acne: Hormonal changes can lead to acne for some users.
  

The implant is effective for up to three years, but can be uncomfortable if the side effects are not well-tolerated.

4. Birth Control Injections (Depo-Provera)

The Depo-Provera injection is a hormone progestin given every three months. It prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus to prevent pregnancy.

Potential Side Effects:

• Weight gain: A common side effect is weight gain, especially if not coupled with a balanced diet and exercise.
  
• Decreased bone density: Prolonged use of Depo-Provera can lead to a decrease in bone density, although this effect is reversible once the injection is discontinued. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), studies have shown that women who use Depo-Provera for two years or more can experience a significant loss of bone density, typically around 2-5% within the first two years of use.
  
• Irregular bleeding: Many women experience irregular bleeding, especially in the first few months.
  
• Mood changes: Like other hormonal methods, Depo-Provera can cause mood swings and emotional changes.
  

Since this method requires a doctor’s visit every three months, it can be inconvenient for some women. However, it’s highly effective for those who are looking for a long-term method.

5. Birth Control Patches

The birth control patch is a small, sticky patch that is worn on the skin. It releases hormones similar to the pill (estrogen and progestin) and is replaced weekly for three weeks, followed by a patch-free week.

Potential Side Effects:

• Skin irritation: The patch can cause irritation or allergic reactions on the skin where it is applied.
  
• Nausea: Some women may feel nauseous, especially in the first few weeks.
  
• Blood clots: As with other hormonal birth control methods, there is a slight increase in the risk of blood clots.
  
• Headaches: The hormonal fluctuations may lead to headaches.
  

While it’s a convenient and effective option, the patch may not be the best option for individuals who experience skin issues or are sensitive to hormonal fluctuations.

Alternative Birth Control Options

Not all women tolerate hormonal methods, and some may be looking for alternatives. Fortunately, there are several options available.

1. Barrier Methods (Condoms, Diaphragms, and Cervical Caps)

Barrier methods work by physically blocking sperm from entering the uterus. They include condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.

Benefits:

• No hormones: These methods are non-hormonal, making them ideal for women who want to avoid hormonal side effects.
  
• STI Protection: Condoms, in particular, protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  

Potential Side Effects:

• Discomfort: Some people find certain barrier methods uncomfortable, especially diaphragms and cervical caps.
  
• Latex sensitivity: If you or your partner is allergic to latex, non-latex options like polyurethane condoms are available.
  

Barrier methods are often combined with spermicide to increase effectiveness.

2. Natural Family Planning (Fertility Awareness)

Natural family planning involves tracking your menstrual cycle and fertility signs, such as basal body temperature and cervical mucus, to predict ovulation. This method requires dedication and consistency.

Benefits:

• No hormones: It’s a natural method with no side effects related to hormones.
  
• No devices or chemicals: There are no external devices or substances involved.
  

Potential Side Effects:

• Unreliable if not done correctly: It requires a high level of commitment and understanding of your body’s signals.
  
• Limited effectiveness: It’s not as reliable as other birth control methods, especially if cycles are irregular.
  

Natural family planning can be an excellent method for those who are looking for a hormone-free approach, but may not be as effective as other methods.

3. Permanent Methods (Sterilization)

Sterilization is a permanent form of birth control for both men and women. For women, this is typically done via tubal ligation (blocking or sealing the fallopian tubes), and for men, it’s done through a vasectomy (cutting or sealing the vas deferens).

Benefits:

• Permanent: Once done, there’s no need for further contraception.
  
• Highly effective: This method is almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy.
  

Potential Side Effects:

• Regret: Some individuals may regret the decision, especially if they later want to have children. According to a study published in Contraception in 2015, approximately 6-13% of women report regret after tubal ligation within the first 5 years. The rate of regret tends to decrease over time.
  
• Risks of surgery: As with any surgery, there are risks involved, including infection or complications.
  

Sterilization is a choice to consider for those who are sure they do not want children in the future.

How to Choose the Right Birth Control Method for You

Choosing the right birth control method is a personal decision that should be made in consultation with your healthcare provider. Factors such as your health history, lifestyle, personal preferences, and potential side effects should all be considered. It’s important to be open with your provider about your concerns and preferences to find the method that works best for you.

If you experience side effects from your current method of birth control, there are often alternatives or solutions available. For example, switching from a hormonal IUD to a non-hormonal method like a copper IUD might help alleviate certain side effects, or a change in the type of pill or dosage might solve issues like mood swings or nausea.

Positive Experiences With The Pill And IUD

Reddit User HamsterChronicles shares her rather positive experience with two birth control methods. She experienced only positive side effects from the combination birth control pill, such as clear skin with no acne, virtually no period cramps, and a much lighter flow. While unsure if it helped her maintain weight, she didn’t notice any significant weight gain. 

Additionally, the pill didn’t affect her emotions. However, when she switched to the Nexplanon implant, it negatively impacted her emotions. Though she didn’t mention it initially, she included that it was a significant issue for her. Currently, with the Skyla IUD, she has no issues, has been able to lose some weight, and enjoys stable emotions. She experiences a few pimples but still has lighter periods and cramps.

Experience After Stopping The Pill

A Reddit User says that she had been on the pill for nearly three years and has recently stopped using it. Thereafter, she has noticed a lot og changes in her life. While she experienced very few physical symptoms, the mental and emotional shift was profound. Her sex drive increased, she felt better about her body, and overall, she felt happier. However, she had been experiencing major negative side effects from hormonal birth control, which led to her decision to stop using it, so she acknowledges that her experience may not be entirely unbiased.

Stopping Birth Control After 14 Years

A renowned YouTuber shares her experience of stopping birth control pills after 14 years in a detailed and personal way. You can check the video here!

Birth Control: Everything Starts By Weighing Its Pros & Cons

Birth control is a crucial tool for managing reproductive health, but it’s not one-size-fits-all. The side effects can vary depending on the method, and while some women tolerate these effects, others may not. Understanding the different methods, their side effects, and alternatives will empower you to make an informed decision about which is best for you. Always consult with your healthcare provider to ensure that you choose a method that aligns with your lifestyle and health needs.

If you’re considering alternatives, don’t forget that many options are available, from barrier methods to permanent solutions. The key is to find the birth control option that fits your body and your life.

By understanding the various side effects and exploring alternatives, you’ll be well-equipped to make the best decision for your health and well-being.